真空炉构造
Structure of vacuum furnace
真空炉一般由炉膛、电热装置、密封炉壳、真空系统、供电系统和控温系统等组成。密封炉壳用碳钢或不锈钢焊成，可拆卸部件的接合面用真空密封材料密封。为防止炉壳受热后变形和密封材料受热变质，炉壳一般用水冷或气冷降温。炉膛位于密封炉壳内。根据炉子用途,炉膛内部装有不同类型的加热元件,如电阻、感应线圈、电极和电子枪等。熔炼金属的真空炉炉膛内装有坩埚，有的还装有自动浇注装置和装卸料的机械手等。真空系统主要由真空泵、真空阀门和真空计等组成。
Vacuum furnace is generally composed of furnace, electric heating device, sealed furnace shell, vacuum system, power supply system and temperature control system. The sealing furnace shell is welded with carbon steel or stainless steel, and the joint surface of detachable parts is sealed with vacuum sealing material. In order to prevent the shell from deforming and the sealing material from deteriorating after heating, the shell is usually cooled by water or air cooling. The furnace is located in the sealed furnace shell. According to the purpose of the furnace, different types of heating elements are installed in the furnace, such as resistance, induction coil, electrode, electron gun, etc. The furnace of the vacuum furnace for smelting metal is equipped with crucible, some with automatic pouring device and manipulator for loading and unloading. The vacuum system is mainly composed of vacuum pump, vacuum valve and vacuum gauge.